About
As the technology
progressing, the speed of traveling is also increased. The source to
destination became so closer to each others. The main advancement in the field
of the air traveling system with the help of airplane. This is the major
discovery of technology. But as the speed increases , the horror of air crash
also introduced. Because at a height of
2000m and above if a plane crashes ,it will be a terror for any body.
Cockpit Voice Recorders
In almost every commercial
aircraft, there are several microphones built into the cockpit to track the
conversations of the flight crew. These microphones are also designed to track
any ambient noise in the cockpit, such as switches being thrown or any knocks
or thuds. There may be up to four microphones in the plane's cockpit, each
connected to the cockpit voice recorder (CVR).
Solid-State Technology
Solid-state recorders
are considered much more reliable than their magnetic-tape counterparts,
according to Ron Crotty, a spokesperson for Honeywell, a black-box
manufacturer. Solid state uses stacked arrays of memory chips, so they don't
have moving parts. With no moving parts, there are fewer maintenance issues and
a decreased chance of something breaking during a crash.
Data from both the CVR and FDR
is stored on stacked memory boards inside the crash-survivable memory unit
(CSMU). In recorders made by L-3 Communications, the CSMU is a cylindrical
compartment on the recorder. The stacked memory boards are about 1.75 inches
(4.45 cm) in diameter and 1 inch (2.54 cm) tall.
Flight Data Recorders
The flight data
recorder (FDR) is designed to record the operating data from the plane's
systems. There are sensors that are wired from various areas on the plane to the
flight-data acquisition unit, which is wired to the FDR. When a switch is
turned on or off, that operation is recorded by the FDR.
Here are a few of the parameters
recorded by most FDRs:
• Time
• Pressure altitude
• Airspeed
• Vertical acceleration
• Magnetic heading
• Control-column position
• Rudder-pedal position
• Control-wheel position
• Horizontal stabilizer
• Fuel flow
After A Crash
Although they are
called "black boxes," aviation recorders are actually painted bright
orange. This distinct color, along with the strips of reflective tape attached
to the recorders' exteriors, help investigators locate the black boxes
following an accident. These are especially helpful when a plane lands in the
water. There are two possible origins of the term "black box": Some
believe it is because early recorders were painted black, while others think it
refers to the charring that occurs in post-accident fires.
Retrieving Information
After finding the black
boxes, investigators take the recorders to a lab where they can download the
data from the recorders and attempt to recreate the events of the accident.
This process can take weeks or months to complete. In the United States,
black-box manufacturers supply the NTSB with the readout systems and software needed
to do a full analysis of the recorders' stored data.
Conclusion
Popularly referred to
as a "black box" by the media, the data recorded by the FDR is used
for accident investigation, as well as for analyzing air safety issues,
material degradation and engine performance. Due to their importance in
investigating accidents, these ICAO-regulated devices are carefully engineered
and stoutly constructed to withstand the force of a high speed impact and the
heat of an intense fire. Contrary to the "black box" reference, the
exterior of the FDR is coated with heat-resistant bright orange paint for high
visibility in wreckage, and the unit is usually mounted in the aircraft's
empennage (tail section), where it is more likely to survive a severe crash.
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