Abstract
The origin of the missile can be traced back to the roman
war machine the catapult. The guided missile was born when Werner Von Siemens
suggested a guide torpedo for submarines in the late 19th century. From these
beginnings the present day trident and tomahawk are guided from the skies using
the GPS signals. This seminar deals with the measurement concept that tests the
missile accuracy. SATRACK receives, rebroadcast, records and tracks the
satellite signals sent by the GPS signals. The reception and rebroadcast of the
signals is done by a missile hardware called the GPS translator.
Portable Ground Equipment
This hardware is used for the post flight processing and
tracking of the satellite signals. The SATRACK facility processes the raw data
into a time series of range and Doppler measurements for each satellite, and
the Kalman filter, which incorporates various corrections and generates a
navigation solution for the missile. The system has undergone a lot of redesign
and development as the requirements evolved with new type of translators and
receivers. The latest system processes the wideband L1/L2 signals dual
frequency P-code as required by wide band translators. The system hardware is
based on Analog Device SHARC processor. Most of the custom GPS processing
hardware is based on field programmable gate arrays [FPGA]. Each board has the
ability to track up to eight channels. The user interface is done using windows
based PC workstations.
Batch Mode Processing
This type of processing allows hardware to operate with
software like flexibility. As the pure software system was too slow, hardware
that is fully configurable under software control implemented the most
computing intensive portions of the process such as signal correlation,
generation of local code and carrier signal mixing. It is possible to acquire
the signal with virtually no acquisition delay by conducting extensive searches
with initial batch of data until all the signals are found.
Field
Support Equipment
SATRACK is the most useful tool because of its post flight
processing facility .The ground equipment consists of receiving antenna, data
recorder and auxiliary reference timing systems. The equipment receives the
translated GPS signal along with other telemetry signals and distributes it to the
data recorder. Most ground stations are capable of generating a precise atomic
timing standard. The earlier equipments were narrowband recorders that relied
on high-speed tape recorders. These gave up to 14 tracks of recording channels
with four mega samples per second. The translator processing system was
developed for the national missile defence exoatmospheric re-entry intercept
subsystem where it served as a real-time GPS processor for range safety as well
as data recorder.
Introduction
According to the dictionary guidance is the ‘process of
guiding the path of an object towards a given point, which in general may be
moving’. The process of guidance is based on the position and velocity if the
target relative to the guided object. The present day ballistic missiles are
all guided using the global positioning system or GPS.GPS uses satellites as
instruments for sending signals to the missile during flight and to guide it to
the target. SATRACK is a system that was developed to provide an evaluation methodology
for the guidance system of the ballistic missiles. This was developed as a
comprehensive test and evaluation program to validate the integrated weapons
system design for nuclear powered submarines launched ballistic missiles.this
is based on the tracking signals received at the missile from the GPS
satellites.
Full
Digital Implementation
The full digital implementation is of the Portable ground
equipment and processing facility. So, the results are expected to be
repeatable. This is a very big improvement over the Analog circuitry such as
the Analog PLLs used for carrier- phase tracking loop. In addition, the digital
implementation removes the need for periodic hardware calibration that
accompanies the analog circuits.
Conclusion
SATRACK is a significant contributor to the successful
development of and operational success of the trident weapons system. It
provides a unique monitoring function that is critical to the maintenance of
strategic weapons systems. The development and research leading up to this
technology has been instrumental in bringing out the latest in GPS receiver,
translators, data recorders etc.several special test have been conducted with
various combinations of inertial systems, GPS receivers, translators as well as
RF/antenna designs.
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